Abstract Tomato is the most important fresh vegetable consumed in Argentina and the crop with the largest area produced under cover. The province of Buenos Aires concentrates 34% of that surface, most of which is located in the horticultural belt of La Plata (CHP). In this area, tomato bacterial canker and wilt (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis) seriously affects the crops. In previous visits we observed greenhouses in which most of the plants were affected by the disease. However, it is unknown whether they were just isolated cases or, conversely, a general problem; also, the average incidence of diseased plants is unkown. Knowledge of the real scope of the problem is necessary to make sound decisions, both for individual growers, growers associations or other private or public organizations. The objectives of this research were to determine the most common type of infection (systemic or localized) of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in the crop, to evaluate the incidence and prevalence, and to establish the role of the type of tomato and the preceding crop on this disease in greenhouse crops of the CHP. For this purpose, samples were taken in 60 commercial greenhouses in the main production areas of tomato of the CHP. The type of tomato, hybrid and predecessor were recorded, and samples of plants with symptoms of the disease were taken to confirm the diagnosis in the laboratory. Although localized symptoms were observed in leaves, stems and fruits, the predominant symptom in all the sampled greenhouses was of the systemic type, mainly observed as generalized wilting. The prevalence of the disease was 86.7% and the average incidence of affected plants was 26.1%. Crops that came from fallow had a lower prevalence than those coming from monoculture of tomato. All commercial cultivars were susceptible to wilting and bacterial canker of tomato, registering values of prevalence between 80 and 87%, while the incidence was lowest in the cherry, followed by the plum and round types of tomato with values of 6.3%, 20.5% and 24.5%, respectively. From these results we conclude that the disease is widespread in the CHP. In those fields with a history of the disease, it would be important to incorporate the fallow practice or rotations with other crops; if a rotation cannot be done, planting cherry tomatoes would be the best option.

Resumen El tomate es la principal hortaliza de consumo fresco de la Argentina y el cultivo con mayor superficie destinada bajo invernadero. La provincia de Buenos Aires concentra el 34% de esa superficie, la mayor parte de la cual está ubicada en el Cinturón Hortícola Platense (CHP). En esta zona, el marchitamiento y cancro bacteriano del tomate (Clavibactermichiganensis subsp. michiganensis) afecta seriamente los cultivos; en recorridas previas hemos observado casos en los que la mayoría de las plantas enfermas. El conocimiento del alcance real del problema es necesario para tomar decisiones fundadas tanto para los productores individuales, sus asociaciones u otros organismos privados o públicos. Los objetivos de este trabajo consistieron en establecer el tipo de infección más común (sistémica o localizada) de Clavibacter michiganensissubsp. michiganensis en el cultivo, evaluar los parámetros de incidencia y prevalencia, y establecer el rol del tipo de tomate y el cultivo antecesor sobre esta enfermedad en cultivos de invernadero del CHP. Con este fin se realizaron muestreos en 60 invernaderos comerciales de las principales localidades productoras de tomate bajo cubierta del CHP. Se registró el tipo de tomate, híbrido y cultivo predecesor, y se tomaron muestras de plantas con síntomas de la enfermedad para posteriormente confirmar el diagnóstico en el laboratorio. Si bien se observaron síntomas localizados en hojas, tallos y frutos, el síntoma predominante en todos los invernaderos muestreados fue el de tipo sistémico, observando principalmente marchitamiento generalizado. La prevalencia de la enfermedad fue del 86,7% y la incidencia promedio de plantas afectadas del 26,1%. Los cultivos provenientes de descanso tuvieron una menor prevalencia que los que provenían de monocultivo de tomate. En relación con el tipo comercial, todos fueron susceptibles al marchitamiento y cancro bacteriano del tomate, registrando valores de prevalencia similares, entre 80 y 87%, mientras que la incidencia fue menor en el tomate cherri seguido por los tomates tipo perita y redondo con valores de 6,3%, 20,5 y 24,5%, respectivamente. A partir de los resultados concluimos que la enfermedad está muy difundida en el CHP. En aquellos lotes con antecedentes de la enfermedad sería importante incorporar la práctica del descanso o hacer rotaciones con otros cultivos; de no poder hacerse una rotación, los tomates de tipo cherri serían la mejor opción.

Estudou-se a influência da suplementação com óleo de peixe sobre a concentração dos ácidos graxos ômega 6 e 3, mostrado no leite de búfala. Foram utilizadas 24 búfalas aleatoriamente selecionadas e distribuídas em três grupos e alimentados com pastagem natural por 49 dias com: nenhum suplemento (grupo I), suplementado com 70mL de óleo de peixe (grupo II) e com 140mL de óleo de peixe (grupo III). A concentração de CLA diferiu (P<0,05) entre os três grupos, com valores máxima de até 7,14mg/g de gordura no grupo II. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para os ácidos graxos omega 6, sendo o maior valor de 3,82mg/g de gordura no grupo I. Foi observada diferença significativa quanto aos ácidos graxos ômega 3 (P<0,05) nos grupos II e III em relação ao grupo I. O mais elevado valor, 2,42mg/g de gordura foi observado no grupo III. A relação ômega 6/3 mais estreita, 1,37:1, foi observada no grupo III. Os resultados mostram que os animais dos grupos II e III que receberam suplementação de óleo de peixe aumentou significativamente o teor de CLA e de omega 3, com diminuição de omega 6.

The aim of this research work was to investigate the influence of fish oil supplementation on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and omega 6 and 3 in samples of buffalo milk. A total of 24 female buffaloes separated at random into three groups were fed for 49 days with: natural pasture (group I), supplemented with 70mL of fish oil (group II) and 140mL of fish oil (group III). In the experiment the concentration of CLA showed differences (P<0.05) among the three groups, with a maximum of 7.14mg/g fat in group II. No significant differences were found in omega-6 among the three groups. The highest value of 3.82mg/g fat corresponded to group I, whicht had not been supplemented with fish oil. Significant differences were observed in omega 3 (P<0.05) in groups II and III with respect to group I. The highest average value of 2.42mg/g fat was obtained in group III. The closest relationship omega 6/3 (1.37:1) was observed in group III. As a result, the diets of groups II and III, which included fish oil, increased significantly the content of CLA and omega 3 with reductions in levels of omega 6.

Vascular malformations are static lesions, generally present at the moment of birth, formed by displasic vessels that grow in proportion to the growth of the child. They show normal cell replacements that constitute genuine mistakes of morphogenesis. The absence of regression of these malformations implies that they remain throughout the lifetime. The terminology describing this type of lesions gave rise to confusion in the medical literature until the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies adopted a classification based on the dominant vessel of the malformation in 1996. This classification distinguishes between simple and complex forms depending on whether they affect one or several types of vessel. Vascular malformations can show themselves as isolated lesions or can be associated with other lesions, constituting the guide sign or being the principal marker of some syndromic complexes. This paper describes the principal signs and symptoms of those syndromes in which a vascular malformation is the key that raises suspicion about the existence of other associated lesions.

Las malformaciones vasculares son lesiones estáticas, generalmente presentes en el momento del nacimiento, formadas por vasos displásicos que crecen de forma proporcional al crecimiento del niño. Presentan un recambio celular normal que constituyen verdaderos errores de la morfogénesis. La ausencia de regresión de estas malformaciones implica que permanezcan toda la vida. La terminología que describe este tipo de lesiones ha sido motivo de confusión en la literatura médica hasta que en 1996 la Sociedad Internacional para el Estudio de las Anomalías Vasculares adoptó una clasificación basada en el vaso dominante de la malformación. Esta clasificación distingue entre formas simples y complejas según se afecte un tipo de vaso o varios. Las malformaciones vasculares pueden presentarse como lesiones aisladas o bien asociarse a otras lesiones, constituyendo el signo guía o ser el marcador principal de algunos complejos sindrómicos. En este trabajo se describen los principales signos y síntomas de aquellos síndromes en los que una malformación vascular es la clave que hace sospechar la existencia de otras lesiones asociadas.